Abstract: This research examines challenges and opportunities in online vocational education in Nigeria, exploring the adoption, effectiveness, and implications of digital platforms for delivering vocational training programs. Online education has gained prominence, particularly amidst global disruptions, presenting new possibilities and challenges for vocational education delivery. The study aims to (1) identify key challenges and barriers hindering the adoption and effectiveness of online vocational education, (2) assess opportunities and innovations in digital learning platforms and instructional design for vocational training, and (3) propose strategies and best practices for optimizing online vocational education to enhance accessibility, quality, and learner outcomes. A survey research design is employed to gather insights from students, educators, and technology experts. A sample size of 400 participants will be chosen through purposive sampling to represent online learners, vocational educators, and digital learning platform developers in Kano State. Case studies will examine successful online vocational education initiatives and their impact on educational access and skills development. Findings indicated varying levels of digital infrastructure readiness, internet accessibility challenges, and the need for teacher training in online pedagogies, alongside benefits such as flexible learning schedules and expanded educational reach. Recommendations include improving digital infrastructure, enhancing teacher capacity in online teaching methodologies, and developing inclusive online learning strategies to address diverse learner needs and maximize the potential of online vocational education in Nigeria.